sediments were rich in organic carbon and charged with H2S. The current in the Kuroshio is swift along the East Coast of Taiwan. Found insideAn innovative survey of large-scale ocean circulation that links observations, conceptual models, numerical models, and theories. Trough. from some of the largest river systems in east Asia, including the Yangtze, 2. Res., 110, C02010, doi:10.1029/2004JC002288. (<1% by volume) throughout the section, except in the turbidites, where they The stronger flow during El Niño conditions is consist- ent with our findings and with the numerical results of Kim et al. The ratios of current speeds and geostrophic pressure streamfunctions at the sea surface compared to the bottom are 88% in the absence of steep topography, 63% near an isolated seamount, and overall on average 83% of their value at a reference depth of 5300 m. It is hypothesized that weakly depth-dependent eddies impinging upon topographic features introduce to the flow the horizontal length scales of the topography, and these smaller lateral scales are subject to bottom intensification. Core 195-1202A-10H fully stroked; however, Kuroshio Current that would allow high-resolution studies of climate change in East Asia associated with late Quaternary glaciation and deglaciation cycles. scope, but the core liner failed at the midpoint of the barrel. All runs were The link was not copied. extension in the area of the site is unknown. background: #ddd; Several studies have observed the large-scale deep circulation in the Kuroshio Extension region (Schmitz et al. two incomplete cores in the hope that the hard layer would be limited in (2010). site. associated with glacial-interglacial cycles could well redirect the Kuroshio Thompson, R., , and J. R. Luyten, 1976: Evidence for bottom-trapped topographic Rossby waves from single moorings. Kuroshio Current and the catchment basins that deliver sediments to the Okinawa Trough is currently an area of high sedimentation because of the enormous Res., 67, 305–322. a northward flowing Western Boundary Current in the Pacific Ocean. the north Pacific. Equatorial Current (NEC), the Kuroshio, and the Mindanao Current (MC). the Kuroshio Current Development of floating type ocean current turbine system Ocean currents, such as the Kuroshio Current, are expected to be effectively used as marine renewable energy in ... low current-speed state in which the turbine starts power generation to the maximum current-speed state. Similar to the ratio method, a nonlinear least squares fit was used to determine b by minimizing the pair of equations as in Eq. The intensity and frequency of the strongest cyclones east of Taiwan have increased over the past several decades as the climate has warmed. (1) but with the ratio m(zi) replaced by λn(zi). Because the CCD is shallow in the western Pacific (<3500 m) and Trough. onset of the most recent phase of extension of the Southern Okinawa Trough (Hsu, currents. Core orientation using the Tensor tool was initiated with Core height: 4px; The primary objective of Given the nature of the KESS experimental design (spacing and avoidance of steep topography), it is beyond the scope of this work to test this hypothesis further. sediments with a moderate (~20%) biogenic carbonate content (Chen et al., 1992; The pathway of the Kuroshio parallels to the eastern shoreline of Taiwan. slide analysis shows that the nonbiogenic component of the sediments is composed The Kuroshio intrusion is a key factor that modulates the dynamic environment of the South China Sea (SCS), which is the largest marginal sea in the tropics. Studies of short piston cores (Lou and Chen, 1996; Shieh et al., 1997; Tracks of Centers of Cyclones, May, 1925. At 0254 hr on the morning of 28 April, the vessel arrived at 24�48.24�N, refusal, which was estimated to be at ~250 mbsf, to obtain overlapping, and thus The recent phase of For the third time, the Mapping circulation in the Kuroshio Extension with an array of current and pressure recording inverted echo sounders, Deep current measurements at 38°N east of Japan, International Geophysics Series, Vol. it contains excellent paleomagnetic, lithologic, and biogenic proxies for may have been located on the trench side of the Ryukyu arc until ~7.5 ka during .ajtmh_container { extends from southwestern Kyushu, Japan, to the northeastern side of the island (1998) concluded that The Kuroshio is the biggest current in the western Pacific. Over the I-Lan Ridge, the Kuroshio turned northeastward and left the coast of Taiwan. 3 Drifter observations of currents at 15 m depth form a comprehensive dataset of direct observations . uneventful, and coring continued through Core 195-1202-44X to a depth of 410.0 Although there is considerable controversy about the age last glacial maximum (Ujiie et al., 1991). setting down on an obstruction. There are at least three length scales of flow in this problem that can set the vertical trapping scale; the length scale of the topographically controlled eddies (LE), the internal deformation radius (LD), and the length scale of the topographic slope (LT) near steep topography LE > LD > LT. average and no evidence of diagenesis was observed. The Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) was a multi-institutional field study to identify and quantify the processes governing the variability of and the interaction between the Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyres (Donohue et al. The Kuroshio forms the northern branch. thickness and piston coring would once again become viable. 2009) that were deployed for two years from 2004 to 2006. the temporal and spatial variability of millenial climate changes in the The TRMM wind-speed measurements reveal an association between wind speed and the Kuroshio:The region of maximum wind speed tends to follow the Kuroshio’s path,remaining right on top of the warm cur- The drill string was pulled clear during the Holocene were ~20 cm/ky. examine long-term changes in El Ni�o/La Ni�a-style climate oscillations in the Greene, A. D., 2010: Deep variability in the Kuroshio Extension. Found inside – Page 32Indications of the influence of current speed on the position of the Gulf ... Several Japanese investigations of the Kuroshio indicate this may be true . The black bold contour is the 2.1-m contour, which is representative of the Kuroshio Extension axis. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. A recent study found that at its peak, it can be up to 50 miles wide, and flow at three or four miles per hour. J. Mar. inconclusive. Two of the four temperature significant changes in the configuration and distribution of continental shelves At this time, the wind reached a maximum speed of greater than 12 m s−1 and removed heat from the ocean at a rate of 1141 W m−2. Error bars at 2000 and 3500 m are the standard error of the mean for the five current meter sites. Found inside – Page 373.1.5.1 Oceanic Currents The swiftest flow exists in the Kuroshio Current , but peak speeds ( > 100 cm s : ' ) in the Alaskan Stream and the Kamchatka ... section is younger than 127 ka. mbsf, the approved target depth for Site 1202. are all well below the mean speed of the Kuroshio (100– 150 cm s 1) we conclude that the HF radar observations will have no difficulty discerning the path of the current in the observed surface current fields. is <127 ka, as suggested by the absence of pink G. ruber, then the KUROSHIO Current Position (Tug, MMSI: 431005113) - MyShipTracking. Changes in sedimentation caused by such deflections, coupled with periodic The Kuroshio forms the northern branch. 4). Locally, when interacting with topography, subinertial flow has been observed to take on complex motion, including amplification of currents near seamounts (Lavelle and Mohn 2011). bioturbation to 20 cm). It’s known as the Kuroshio Current. April. in relatively shallow water above the CCD in the Okinawa Trough where calcareous Ujiie and Ujiie, 1999) taken from the area suggest that sedimentation rates Greene et al. Coral associated microbes, together with their coral host, form an integrated holobiont, and have diverse interactions with their host and maintain coral holobiont function, such as nutrient acquisition and coral’s health (Rosenberg et al., 2007). all power to the logging tools. The vessel was offset 15 m recent phase has been estimated to be 5 km, both in the middle and the southwest Researchers found that stronger tropical cyclones intensify global warming. Found inside – Page 114The current sets constantly between Mys Afrika and Mys Lopatka , the southern tip of Kamchatka , and varies only slightly in speed seasonally . excursions are seen in the data, including one at 110 m, which may correspond to Since then, the Rossby lee-wave model appears to have been substantiated by the aforementioned modellers. turbidites also contain micas, heavy minerals (green hornblende, tourmaline, After bringing the tool string to the surface, The large-scale topographic slope was generally downward toward the south-southeast with α ~ 0.01, and locally slopes were as large as α ~ 0.1. of the seafloor, officially ending Hole 1202C at 1215 hr on 29 April. The upper baroclinic field had been mapped twice daily from the CPIES array as presented in Donohue et al. Kuroshio Current passes over the Ryukyu arc and into the Okinawa Trough before Temperature measurements were taken on Cores 195-1202A-4H, 7H, 10H, The presence of Emiliania huxleyi throughout the the "Site We wish to acknowledge Karen Tracey, Kathleen Donohue, and Andy Greene for their advice and careful processing of the CPIES data. For most of us in the United States, no ocean current is better known than the Gulf Stream. A comparison of the best fit b from the first-mode EOF and ratio methods give nearly identical results (Fig. margin: 0; A standard APC/XCB continued in this hole through Core 195-1202D-9H to a depth of 76.2 mbsf (Table T1), The vessel is en route to TO FISHING GROUND, sailing at a speed of 13.4 knots and expected to arrive there on Aug 31, 00:00.. (Furukawa et al., 1991), based on seismic correlation with drilling stratigraphy The total amount of extension complete, coverage for high-resolution paleoenvironmental studies. This study will focus on the bottom three RCM11 current meters (2000, 3500, and 5000 m) at the five moorings that provided records longer than 500 days. (a) Current speed time series for 72-h low-pass filtered currents for the lower three current meters at KERE mooring E in year days referenced to 1 Jan 1992. ideal for studying climate change associated with glaciation and deglaciation in the recovery of a 410-m section of dark grayish green, bioturbated clayey silt part of the Ryukyu Island arc, it is deflected upward when it approaches the J. Geophys. Because of the topographic influence and subinertial nature of these interactions, it is believed that these features would be bottom trapped. In the framework of linear quasigeostrophic flow, the best fitted vertical trapping depths range from 8 to 15 km in the absence of steep topography, but one mooring near an isolated seamount exhibited vertical trapping that was more pronounced and energetic with a vertical trapping depth of 5 km. J. Phys. The name is a Japanese word that means “black stream.” That’s because the current is much darker than the surrounding waters — the result of lower amounts of organic material at the surface. The The developmental APC-methane tool was Over the centuries, the Kuroshio has carried many ships away from Japan. At 0430 hr, the It flows past Taiwan and along the eastern coast of Japan before turning toward the Pacific. 3.2 Section K2 Section K2 is located southeast of Taiwan (Fig. The Kuroshio Current is the most important current in the seas east of Taiwan. Kuroshio is a fast ocean current (2 to 4 knots). All joints were retightened and taped with duct tape. Fine-scale thermohaline structure within ocean column can be mapped seismically in the Kuroshio Current, off the Muroto Peninsula of Shikoku Island, Japan. (1) from the bounds on the EOF and slope. J. Geophys. This prominent reflection has been suggested to be the unconformity marking the marginal basin because of a 120-m drop in sea level (Fairbanks, 1989) during the The seafloor in the Okinawa Trough lies above the CCD, and sedimentation rates These changes should be reflected not only in the oxygen isotopic 3f). caused dramatic hydrographic changes and sediment redistribution in the Okinawa Information. Watts, D. R., , C. Sun, , and S. Rintoul, 2001: A two-dimensional gravest empirical mode determined from hydrographic observations in the subantartic front. found that one result of this trend has been the strengthening of Kuroshio current transport off the coast of Japan. sediments from the Chinese mainland that were delivered to the East China shelf We also hoped to document Oceanogr., 20, 1087–1104. These speed measurements come mainly from observations of surface currents that begun early in the 19th century. not only to study the paleoceanography of the Kuroshio Current but to provide At that point, the logging engineer reported losing APC refusal was A 10% correction was applied because the RCM11 had been reported to bias current measurements low (Hogg and Frye 2007). nannofossils are rarely preserved. More generally in geophysical fluid dynamics problems where rotation and stratification are of comparable importance, the Burger number (Bu) is O(1) where Bu = Nb/fL; here b is a characteristic depth scale and L is the horizontal length scale of the flow. turning northeast and continuing toward Japan, but changes in sea level drilling at Site 1202 was to obtain a high-resolution record of the Deep-Sea Res., 23, 629–635. display: flex; The dashed lines indicate cosh (z/b)/cosh (z3/b) for the best fit b for each mooring location. determine if the TAP tool was lodged in the drill string. Res., 87, 9425–9440. Res., 44, 267–290. margin: 0; Trough (Kimura, 1985) and the uplift of the Ryukyu arc at the drilling at Site 1202 would enable us to detect the effects of orbital forcing and lowering the pipe, we planned to triple-APC core the sediment section to Deep-Sea Res. Open circles are colored by species, and give estimates of maximum larval dispersal distances given mean summer surface current speed of 18.7 km/day (Hu et al., 2000) and PLD s given in Table 1. width: 100%; Found inside – Page 93There surface , the cold Liman Current continues to flow are slight seasonal variations in speed ; the Kuroshio southward as a weak subsurface flow . is ... found to be loose and the lower portion of the TAP tool was missing. Real-time and current position of KUROSHIO (Tug, MMSI: 431005113) on ais live map is in Philippine Sea with coordinates 34.95721° / 136.64177° and speed 8.9 knots as reported on 2018-12-28 09:53 by AIS live data. the trough is marked by a series of normal faults dipping toward the center and island of Taiwan (Boggs et al., 1979; Lin and Chen, 1983). The overall γ average for the current meter moorings is consistent with results in J. The location and speed of the Kuroshio Current are generally consistent, offering Taiwan a stable and secure energy source. Seven current meter moorings were deployed for two years east of Japan between the first quasi-stationary meander crest and trough of the Kuroshio Extension as part of KESS (Fig. Pacific because the Kuroshio Current is a composite current assembled from background: #193B7D; where APC refusal was encountered as defined by three consecutive incomplete 2010), plus a mass loading component, is bottom pressure anomaly at 5300 m, ρbot is bottom density, and g is gravity. Extensive geophysical arc volcanism opening in the middle of a foundered orogen caused by previous } The red cross marks the location of K4 during the second year of deployment. rates. As will become clear, the Kuroshio Current exhibits distinct characteristics in each of these geographical locations owing to the differing Conditions appear to be ideal for obtaining a If time The average spectrum from moorings K2–K4 (Fig. part of the Okinawa Trough is characterized as a rifting basin with incipient in the region, particularly in the South China Sea, and these changes must have Core orientation Because of its high speed (2.7-3.6 km/hr), great thickness (1.0 km) and width (150-200 km), and high temperature (28°-29°C in summer and 22°-25°C in winter), it plays an important role in the meridional transport of heat, mass, momentum, and moisture from the western Pacific warm pool to high latitudes in the north Pacific. the XCB through Core 195-1202B-16X to a depth of 140.5 mbsf. Found inside – Page 395.14 Anomalies in the u - component in m / sec of the North Pacific ... Water transport and current speed appear to have reached a minimum in 1962 ... In the framework of linear QG flow, the degree to which the large-scale deep currents and eddies are bottom trapped in the Kuroshio Extension region will be determined in this paper from the KESS line of current meter moorings, CPIES and satellite altimetry comparisons, and one additional mooring from the Kuroshio Extension Regional Experiment (KERE) (Fig. large terrigenous source. Based on the coincidence Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rhode Island, 176 pp. Modern sediments in this area consist mainly of clay- to silt-sized terrigenous It is hypothesized that smaller scales [O(LT)] are introduced to the flow at K5 from the nearby seamount through episodic advection of water parcels off the seamount by eddies impinging on the seamount. Found inside – Page 271There are slight seasonal variations in speed ; the Kuroshio Current is usually strongest in summer , weakens in autumn , strengthens in winter ... predominantly of quartz, feldspar, and detrital carbonate, whereas the padding: 0; constraints on the timing of the most recent phase of extension in the Okinawa (2004). when the APC failed to stroke out. end of the Okinawa Trough (Sibuet et al., 1995, 1998). surveys conducted in the area (Sibuet et al., 1998; Liu et al., 1998) show that Sound pulses were transmitted reciprocally between two acoustic stations placed near the underwater sound channel axis and sepa-rated by 48km. 5d) and trapping comparable to K5 with b = O(4 km) (Fig. inclination data, which shows that the entire 410-m section lies within the Vertical trapping depths b and corresponding length scales L = (N/f)b ≈ 7b for the ratio and EOF methods. The southern Okinawa Lou and Chen, 1996). We decided to abandon further wireline logging efforts because of (2009) is the one east of K5. almost no locations beneath the Kuroshio Current where a deep-sea sedimentary Astrophys. 122�30.00�E, the I, 56, 2088–2099. Values of γ calculated for CPIES SSH vs SSH from altimetry (left) for the maximum correlation and (right) for minimizing their rms differences. Citation: Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, 2; 10.1175/JPO-D-11-0144.1. Tracks of Centers of Anticyclones, December, 1924. Found inside – Page 307The Gulf stream is also more intense with current speeds exceeding 1.5ms−1, whereas the Kuroshio current is more typically between 0.4ms−1 and 1.2ms−1 ... Observations of the NEC-MC-Kuroshio Current System 327 Moored current meters in the axis of the MC (Kashino et al., 2005) showed an increase in the speed of the MC from 2001 to the onset of the 2002/03 El Niño. cycles. logging depth of 80.0 mbsf without incident. We infer that the section is composed of reworked low-latitude Pacific by comparing the Kuroshio Current record to other Pacific Abstract - A 20KW prototype floating current turbine was designed for operating in the Kuroshio Current, passes along the eastern coast of Taiwan at a maximum speed of approximately 1.5m/s. Surprisingly, no tephra layers were observed Found inside – Page 82The current decreases in speed as it continues past the Malay Peninsula and into ... has a mean maximum speed of 2.3 knots and is part of the Kuroshio . (f) Average variance-preserving kinetic energy power spectra over sites K2–K4 at 5000, 3500, and 2000 m using the Welch method of spectral estimation with a sample frequency Fs = 2 cycles day −1, segment length of 128 days, Hanning … finally accepted when Core 195-1202A-13H at 119.5 mbsf had not only failed to ever observed in the ocean basins for fine-grained, fossiliferous sediments. Oceanic Technol., 22, 1282–1293. Found inside – Page 777A North Pacific Ocean current flowing northeastward from Taiwan ... There are light seasonal variations in speed ; the Kuroshio is usually strongest in ... Found inside – Page 88The north - setting current has a mean speed of 1 knot and a mean maximum speed of ... has a mean maximum speed of 2.3 knots and is part of the Kuroshio . Park, J.-H., , D. R. Watts, , K. L. Tracey, , and D. A. Mitchell, 2005: A multi-index GEM technique and its application to the southwestern Japan/East Sea. This volume contains 31 papers on physical and geological oceanography, marine engineering and meterology in the Japan Sea and the East China Sea. Found inside – Page 258The position of the Kuroshio axis was determined using maximum current speed evaluated using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, RD Instruments, ... Zhang et al. Coring with the XCB proceeded deployed on Core 195-1202A-4H and then on Cores 7H through 13H. to be based on paleointensities. Greene, A. D., , G. G. Sutyrin, , and D. R. Watts, 2009: Deep cyclogenesis by synoptic eddies interacting with a seamount. Volume 111 of AAAS selected symposium, American Association of the Advancement of Science. and Kimura, 1985; Sibuet et al., 1987). California Currents and the Canary Current travel at 0.03 to 0.07 m/s. the seafloor at 1900 hr on 28 April. string was once again deployed inside the drill pipe; however, the winch Found inside – Page 162... validated by independent drifter data with a root-mean-square difference of about 14 cm/s in the area of the Kuroshio Current (Rio and Hernandez 2004). International Geophysics Series, Vol. The wave solutions for the horizontal currents take the vertical structure of cosh (z/b) by imposing a top rigid-lid boundary condition, where z is the vertical coordinate in a Cartesian coordinate system with origin at the sea surface. The drill string a series of volcanic edifices and hydrothermal vents piercing through the This book fills that information gap as the first work that summarizes the state-of-the-art methods and instruments used for surface, subsurface, and abyssal ocean current measurements. Johns, W. E., , and D. R. Watts, 1986: Time scales and structure of topographic Rossby waves and meanders in the deep Gulf Stream. fragments of molluscs and pteropods, copepod remains, and fragments of bark, station on 2 May 2001. The team sought to understand why the Kuroshio current has maintained its speed over the past 30 years, despite a 30 percent decline in wind strength over the same period. through Core 195-1202D-32X to a depth of 297.4 mbsf, where a short wiper trip climate; and it displays extraordinarily high resolution (<100 yr, assuming The current is strongest from May to August, with a smaller surge in winter. from the analysis of seismic data, a prominent series of reflectors is observed Ocean energy includes tidal, current, wave and thermos, but the tidal and ocean current are more attractable because the second largest ocean current, Kuroshio Current, is flowing through east coast of Taiwan. high-resolution record of the history of the Kuroshio Current during the with depth, implying effective resuspension and lateral transport across the 2005; Donohue et al. Science and the SeaTM is part of the Texas Podcast Network – the conversations changing the world – brought to you by The University of Texas at Austin. View raw image (a)–(e) 72-h low-pass filtered current speed time series at 2000, 3500, and 5000 m for the moorings K2–K6. Throughout operations at the site, the Kuroshio Current was strong. Consequently, the Kuroshio Current J. Mar. 1245 hr on 29 April. That helps keep southern Japan relatively warm. Found inside – Page 7In the upper ocean, a TC typically generates near‐inertial currents on the right ... The average speed of the Kuroshio surface current increased by 18 cm/s ... Found inside – Page 1919 10 41 , March 1992 A Subsurface Current Structure Measured with an Acoustic Current - meter in the Kuroshio and the ... At the sea surface the strong current speed of the Kuroshio decreased rapidly toward the downward direction . The velocity of the current is fastest near the surface, with the maximum speed typically about 5.6 miles per hour (nine kilometers per hour). APC coring East of Taiwan, the Kuroshio enters the Sea of Japan through a deep break in the Ryukyu island chainknown as the Yonaguni De… This is consistent with shipboard paleomagnetic I, 57, 328–337. Found inside – Page 777A North Pacific Ocean current flowing northeastward from Taiwan to the Ryukyu ... There are light seasonal variations in speed ; the Kuroshio is usually ... Although the site is located in the Okinawa Trough, was pulled clear of the seafloor, officially ending Hole 1202B at 0445 hr on 29 The presence of mica and other metamorphic minerals in the APC coring continued through Core 195-1202A-9H to a depth of 83.1 mbsf (Table T1) Hydrographic surveys [6] have revealed that the distance of the high velocity core from the coast of Taiwan at 23.75°N is 30-120 km with maximum current speeds of 0.6-1.2 m/s. In a study circulating head was rigged up and the coring line was run in the hole to Hogg, N. G., 2000: Low-frequency variability on the western flanks of the Grand Banks. Geophys. J. Phys. East of Taiwan, the Kuroshio is centered within one degree of the coast 6. Northeast of Taiwan, the Kuroshio begins to exhibit considerable variability, even branching into two currents 7 but the focus here is on the PR 20 line. (f) Overall mean fractional decrease in speed referenced to 5000 m with best fit (gray), best fit near steep topography [green; K5’s fit as in (d)], and best fit in the absence of steep topography (blue; mean fractional decrease excluding K5). the Ryukyu arc-trench system in the western Pacific (Lee et al., 1980; Letouzey width: 100%; provide a quantitative basis for comparison with the multisensor track (MST) in the Pacific during the mid-Pleistocene (~0.7 Ma), when the Earth's climate After arriving on station numerous smaller currents before it reaches the site. 2f–e) show that energy is largely confined to the 30–60-day band. J. Mar. accordingly proposed on the southern slope of the Okinawa Trough to obtain a The KESS array sought even site spacing but shifted some sites to avoid seamounts and steep topography. The seamount under consideration in Greene et al. An averaged buoyancy frequency of N = 0.6 × 10−3 s−1, over 2000–5000 m, was used for these calculations. The Japanese named it Kuroshio, or black current, for its dark, cobalt blue waters. APC coring The transit to Site 1202 The moorings spanned the jet diagonally from north-northeast to south-southwest and were located along a Jason-1 altimeter line. Error bars were calculated from solving the system of equations in Eq. Because of its high speed (2.7-3.6 km/hr), great thickness (1.0 km) and width
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